A directional garlic seed throwing mechanism includes a base, a rotating device, a vision sensor, a seed throwing guide plate, a seed guide pipe and a plurality of bulbil adjusting devices. The rotating device includes a rotating motor detachably connected to the base and a turntable connected to an output end of the rotating motor. The seed throwing guide plate is arranged on the turntable to enable garlic seeds of seed containing bowls to fall into the seed guide pipe. The seed guide pipe has an upper port right below the bulbil adjusting devices and arranged on the base. An even number of the bulbil adjusting devices are fixed on the turntable uniformly and symmetrically and include the seed containing bowls and bulbil direction control devices for driving the bowls to rotate 180 degrees.