A random access method, performed by a first terminal in a communication system, includes receiving, from a base station, PRACH configuration information including information on RA resource(s) used for transmission and reception of RA preamble(s) and RAR configuration information used for transmission and reception of RAR(s); transmitting a first RA preamble to the base station based on the information on the RA resource(s); when the first RA preamble is transmitted, performing a monitoring operation for receiving a first RAR that is a response to the first RA preamble; and selecting the first RAR for the first terminal from one or multiple RARs using the RAR configuration information in the monitoring operation.