A system for numerical simulation and test verification of icing characteristics of an aerostat includes an aerostat icing characteristic calculation model and an aerostat icing characteristic test system. The aerostat icing characteristic calculation model is configured to obtain icing data of the aerostat through numerical simulation, and the aerostat icing characteristic test system is configured to obtain icing characteristic data of the aerostat through a physical simulation test. The calculation result obtained through the numerical simulation and the test result obtained through the physical simulation test are mutually verified and improved, so as to facilitate the in-depth research and accurate analysis of the icing characteristics of the aerostat.