Disclosed is a method for non-destructive detection of egg freshness based on Raman spectroscopy technology, which belongs to the field of food detection. Partial least squares regression models are built using Raman spectroscopic data and measured values of physicochemical indexes for egg freshness, which can be used to predict egg freshness based on Raman spectrum of egg shell surface. The Raman spectroscopic data are collected in the waveband of 100-3000 cm−1. The physicochemical indexes used in the invention include the Haugh unit, the albumen pH, the air chamber diameter and the air chamber height. By using the partial least squares model, values of physicochemical index for egg freshness can be obtained from Raman spectra collected on egg shell surfaces, thus achieving the goal of non-destructive detection of egg freshness.