The present invention relates to a shape-variable electronic device and an operation method of the same and, more specifically, the shape-variable electronic device includes: a substrate having a cell region; a light source unit on the cell region; and a flexible layer vertically spaced apart from the light source unit. The flexible layer includes an actuator part that changes a shape of the flexible layer, and the actuator part includes: a photo-thermal response part that receives light emitted from the light source unit and generates thermal energy; a deformation part which receives the thermal energy from the photo-thermal response part and of which mechanical stiffness is reduced; and a top electrode and a bottom electrode on both surfaces of the deformation part, respectively.