Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for transmitting and receiving a synchronization signal, and a transmission system. A method includes that, a base station determines one or more sets of system parameters, each set of the system parameters including at least one of the following information of a carrier: frequency information, or a frame structure parameter; the base station constructs a synchronization signal of a predetermined structure according to the system parameters; and the base station transmits the synchronization signal to the terminal; the one or more sets of system parameters corresponding to the same predetermined structure. With the embodiments of the disclosure, the problem of excessive complexity in detection of the synchronization signal in the related technology is solved.