A meta-optical device includes a plurality of phase modulation areas configured to modulate a phase of an incident light, each of the plurality of phase modulation areas including a plurality of nanostructures having a shape and an arrangement that are determined according to a respective rule set for each of the plurality of phase modulation areas; and a compensation area located between a kth phase modulation area and a (k+1)th phase modulation area adjacent to each other, from among the plurality of phase modulation areas, and including a compensation structure for buffering an effective refractive index change occurring in a boundary area between the kth phase modulation area and the (k+1)th phase modulation area according to respective rules of the kth phase modulation area and the (k+1)th phase modulation area, wherein N is a number of the plurality of phase modulation areas, k and N are natural numbers, and k is equal to or greater than 1 and less than N.