According to an embodiment, an electronic device comprises a memory, a communication module, a first speaker including at least one vibration component, at least one first microphone, and a processor configured to output a first sound having a predetermined frequency via the first speaker when a closed space is formed with the electronic device mounted on a cradle, obtain a third sound, which is a reflection of the first sound in the closed space, via the at least one first microphone, obtain a fourth sound, which is a reflection of a second sound in the closed space, via the at least one first microphone, the second sound output from a second speaker included in an external electronic device located in the closed space, and identify whether the performance of the first speaker, the at least one first microphone, and the second speaker is normal, based on the third sound and the fourth sound.