According to certain embodiments, an electronic device comprises: a housing; an optical sensor module disposed in the housing and including one or more light-emitting elements, and one or more light-receiving elements; a light source driver disposed in the housing and configured to control power supply of the one or more light-emitting elements; and at least one processor disposed in the housing and operatively connected to the optical sensor module and the light source driver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify a light source of the one or more light-emitting elements and turn-on/off timings of the one or more light-emitting elements according to a sensor measurement mode or a measurement function when the optical sensor module is driven, configure a control signal of the light source driver in response to the identified turn-on/off timings of the one or more light-emitting elements, based on the control signal, apply an output voltage of the light source driver as power of the one or more light-emitting elements in a turn-on period of the one or more light-emitting elements, and block the power of the one or more light-emitting elements by limiting output of the light source driver in a turn-off period of the one or more light-emitting elements.