The present invention discloses a superconducting bulk cooling apparatus and cooling method for a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle. The superconducting bulk cooling apparatus for the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle includes a refrigerating machine, a vacuum box and a Dewar tank. A condensing tank is arranged in the vacuum box, and the condensing tank is communicated with the Dewar tank through a nitrogen siphon pipe and a liquid nitrogen return pipe; a heat exchanger connected with the refrigerating machine is arranged in the condensing tank; and a flexible isolation pipe for thermally insulating and isolating the nitrogen siphon pipe and the liquid nitrogen return pipe is connected between the vacuum box and the Dewar tank. The present invention pumps the phase-change nitrogen out of the Dewar tank through a siphoning effect, so that the immersion cooling of high-temperature superconducting bulks is separated from the re-condensation of the nitrogen.