One or more computer-readable media (CRM) are disclosed. The CRM include instructions to, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of a base station, cause the base station to: generate a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) for phase shift compensation; and transmit the PT-RS across a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) using a single-carrier based waveform comprising a carrier frequency. The single-carrier based waveform may be SC-FDE or DFT-s-OFDM.