The present disclosure provides a device and method for position detection of electronic shelf labels. The device comprises: a lighting control module configured to send a lighting signal to electronic shelf labels; electronic shelf labels configured to receive the lighting signal and light up according to their respective preset lighting rules; a camera configured to take photos of the electronic shelf labels being lighting up according to a preset photographing rule to obtain image data of the electronic shelf labels; a detection module configured to determine positions of the electronic shelf labels on a shelf based on the image data of the electric shelf labels. The present disclosure can automatically detect positions of the electronic shelf labels on the shelf with high efficiency.