According to various embodiments, an electronic device may include: a transceiver; and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: control the electronic device to establish a wireless communication connection between the electronic device and an external electronic device, generate, by encoding a first frame included in an audio stream, multiple pieces of compressed data corresponding to the first frame, transmit a first packet, including main compressed data corresponding to the first frame from among the multiple pieces of compressed data, to the external electronic device via the transceiver based on the wireless communication connection, and based on a first signal being received from the external electronic device via the transceiver based on the wireless communication connection within a specified time after transmission of the first packet, transmit a second packet, including first sub-compressed data corresponding to the first frame from among the multiple pieces of compressed data, to the external electronic device via the transceiver based on the wireless communication connection.