The disclosure discloses a debris collecting base station, a cleaning robot and a cleaning system. The debris collecting base station cooperates with the cleaning robot. The cleaning robot has a debris outlet for discharging debris. The debris collecting base station includes a base, a debris collecting device, a first communication component and a microcontroller. The base has a debris intake passageway. One end of the debris intake passageway pneumatically interfaces with the debris outlet, the debris collecting device is mounted on the base and is communicated with the end of the debris intake passageway away from the debris outlet. The microcontroller is electrically connected to the first communication component and the debris collecting device, which controls the first communication component to send and receive interactive signals with the cleaning robot and controls working modes of the debris collecting base station based on the interactive signals.