This application discloses a wireless charging apparatus, a position detection method, and a system. The apparatus includes a transceiver end (100), and the transceiver end (100) includes a resonant network and a power conversion circuit. The apparatus further includes a controller (200), which is configured to determine a relative position between a transmit end (101) and a receive end (102) based on a self-inductance of a transmitting coil and at least one parameter, where the at least one parameter includes at least one of a coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil and a receiving coil and a coil mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. The relative position between the transmit end (101) and the receive end (102) of wireless charging can be accurately detected by using the self-inductance of the transmitting coil and at least one of the coupling coefficient and the coil mutual inductance.