An aqueous dispersion contains water and resin particles containing a resin, wherein the resin particles contains pigment-enclosed resin particles containing an inorganic pigment enclosed in the resin, wherein the pigment-enclosed resin particles have a 50 percent cumulative volume particle diameter (D50) of from 40 to 200 nm and a 90 percent cumulative volume particle diameter (D90) of from 70 to 500 nm as measured by laser diffraction scattering, wherein the pigment-enclosed resin particles have an average aspect ratio of from 1.0 to 1.5.