A first electronic device according to various embodiments of the disclosure may include: a communication circuit, and at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured to: receive, through the communication circuit, a first public key and a first request for a first symmetric key from a second electronic device, encrypt the first symmetric key using the first public key, transmit, through the communication circuit, the encrypted first symmetric key to the second electronic device, generate at least one second symmetric key corresponding to at least one object, encrypt the at least one object using the generated at least one second symmetric key, encrypt each of the at least one second symmetric key using the first symmetric key, and transmit, through the communication circuit, the encrypted at least one object and the encrypted at least one second symmetric key to the second electronic device.