A method of manufacturing a light-emitting element includes forming a first electrode, forming a hole transport region by providing a hole transport material on the first electrode, forming a light-emitting layer on the hole transport region, forming an electron transport region on the light-emitting layer, and forming a second electrode on the electron transport region, wherein the forming of the light-emitting layer includes providing, on the hole transport region, a quantum dot composition including an organic solvent and a plurality of quantum dots, heat-treating the quantum dot composition, and vacuum-drying the heat-treated quantum dot composition, so that a light-emitting element in which quantum dots have infiltrated into the hole transport region may be manufactured.