A negative electrode material includes a silicon-based material, or a silicon-based material and graphite. The silicon-based material includes a silicon oxide material and a carbon layer located on a surface of the silicon oxide material. A particle size distribution of the silicon-based material satisfies 1≥(Dn99−Dn10)/Dn50≥4, Dn10≤1 μm, and Dn50≤3 μm. In the negative electrode material, a number distribution of particle sizes of the silicon-based material can be controlled so that large and small particles are better matched, thereby improving cycling performance of an electrochemical apparatus.