A wireless charging device is provided in this application, which includes: a transmitter coil, a controller, and at least two detection coils. The at least two detection coils are located on a side of a plane on which the transmitter coil is located, and a plane on which the detection coils are located is parallel to the plane on which the transmitter coil is located. The controller is configured to: separately control the at least two detection coils to sequentially connect to an excitation power source, obtain parameters of the detection coils connected to the excitation power source, and control, based on a value difference between the parameters of the at least two detection coils, the transmitter coil to move, so that the transmitter coil aligns with a receiver coil in an electronic device. Furthermore, an automatic alignment method and a charging dock are also provided in this application.