An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing, a stretchable display disposed so as to be visible from the outside in at least a part of the housing to face a first direction, a module housing which is rotatably arranged in a first space and includes a second space as an optical sensor assembly disposed in the first space of the housing, and an optical sensor assembly including at least one first optical sensor disposed in the second space of the module housing and configured to detect an external environment through at least a portion of the module housing, wherein in a first rotational state, the module housing is positioned such that the at least one first optical sensor detects an external environment in a second direction different from the first direction, and in a second rotational state, the module housing is positioned such that the at least one first optical sensor detects the external environment in the first direction through an extended area of the stretchable display, which is expanded through pressing of at least a portion of the module housing.