A random access method includes determining, by a user equipment (UE), a preamble sequence. The method also includes generating, by the UE, a scrambling code. The scrambling code is based on the preamble sequence. The method further includes scrambling, by the UE, data based on the scrambling code to obtain scrambled data. The method additionally includes determining, by the UE based on a predetermined resource mapping relationship, time-frequency resources for sending the scrambled data. The method also includes sending, by the UE on the determined time-frequency resources, the scrambled data to a base station.