A function processing method and device, and an electronic device are provided. The function processing method includes: obtaining a first polynomial function including a plurality of terms consisting of a plurality of first variables; constructing a node route diagram of a quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) based on the first polynomial function, where the node route diagram includes K nodes, K is determined based on the first polynomial function, and K is an integer greater than 1; generating quantum entangled states of the node route diagram, where the quantum entangled states include target quantum states of the K nodes in the node route diagram; and sequentially performing a numerical measurement on each node in the K nodes based on the target quantum state of the K nodes in the node route diagram, to obtain a first target numerical measurement result of the plurality of first variables.