A negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a piezoelectric layer. A polarization electric field exists on the piezoelectric layer. A direction of the polarization electric field is directed from the negative current collector to a surface of a negative electrode. A material of the piezoelectric layer includes at least one of a piezoelectric polymer, piezoelectric ceramic, piezoelectric monocrystal, or an inorganic piezoelectric material. The negative electrode plate can control lithium deposition sites, effectively suppress the growth of lithium dendrites, and significantly improve the cycle performance and safety performance of the lithium metal battery.