An in-cabin monitoring system includes a camera which captures an image of an inside of a cabin of a vehicle, a light source which irradiates the inside of the cabin with light, and a controller which controls the camera and the light source. The light source is capable of emitting first light which is light to be emitted when checking whether a person is present using the camera and second light which is stronger than the first light. The controller captures an image of the inside of the cabin using the camera while causing the light source to emit the second light, before the person gets in the vehicle and after the person gets out of the vehicle.