An adaptable sanitizing system includes a sanitizing head including an ultraviolet (UV) lamp configured to emit UV light. One or more adapter modules are configured to removably couple to the sanitizing head at a coupling interface. The one or more adapter modules are configured to provide a functionality in relation to the UV light emitted by the UV lamp. The adapter module can include a shroud or frame that is configured to removably couple to the sanitizing head at a coupling interface, and an optical filter coupled to the shroud or the frame. The optical filter is configured to filter the UV light emitted by the UV lamp. The adapter module can include a shroud that is configured to removably couple to the sanitizing head at a coupling interface, and a fluid passage in fluid communication with an inlet and an outlet within the shroud. Fluid passes into the fluid passage through the inlet and passes out of the outlet. The UV light is emitted into the fluid passage as the fluid passes through the fluid passage between the inlet and the outlet.