A method and apparatus for determining safety of a battery are disclosed, where the method includes identifying a charge state or a discharge state of the battery, activating pulse probe currents at different depths of charge or discharge (charge/discharge) of the battery, in response to identifying the charge or discharge state of the battery, and detecting and differentiating between a state of short (SOS) and a state of health (SOH) of the battery based on variations of the pulse probe currents as a function of the depths of charge/discharge.