An electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may include a wireless communication circuit, a memory, and a processor operatively connected to the memory and the wireless communication circuit, wherein the memory stores instructions that when executed cause the processor to start a ranging round by transmitting, to an external electronic device, a ranging control message (RCM) including transmission control information of data to be transmitted, to perform ranging based on the ranging control message, and upon completion of ranging, to transmit, based on the transmission control information included in the ranging control message, the data in a slot allocated in the ranging round.