Disclosed is an electronic device including an antenna module comprising a plurality of antenna elements, and a processor operatively connected to the antenna module, wherein the processor is configured to form a plurality of reception beams by selecting a first number of antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements, receive a first signal from an external device using the plurality of reception beams, select a second number of antenna elements that are used to transmit a signal to an external device, the second number being less than the first number, identify beam set information related to a plurality of transmission beam sets capable of being formed using the second number of antenna elements, select, based on quality information of the first signal and the beam set information, at least one transmission beam from the transmission beam sets, and transmit a second signal to the external device using the selected transmission beam.