Provided are a multi-degree-of-freedom myoelectric artificial hand control system and a method for using same. The system comprises a robotic hand, a robotic wrist (2), a stump receiving cavity (1) and a data processor (3), wherein the robotic hand and the stump receiving cavity (1) are respectively mounted on two ends of the robotic wrist (2); a multi-channel myoelectric array electrode oversleeve, a control unit circuit board, and a battery are connected in the stump receiving cavity (1); and the other end of the control unit circuit board is connected to the robotic hand and the robotic wrist (2). The method for using the system comprises the following steps: (S1) a user wearing a multi-channel myoelectric array electrode oversleeve, and connecting a battery and a control unit circuit board; (S2) the user completing a gesture, collecting a surface electromyography signal and then uploading same to a data processor (3); (S3) the data processor (3) receiving the surface electromyography signal and inputting same into a neural network algorithm to generate a gesture prediction model; and (S4) the user controlling the multi-degree-of-freedom movement of the robotic wrist (2) and the robotic hand. By means of the system, continuous gestures and the gesture strength thereof can be identified, and multi-degree-of-freedom gestures can be made.