A charging and discharging structure and a charging method. The charging and discharging structure comprises a main board (101), a processor (1011), a hardware charging interface (109), a sub circuit board (108), a flexible circuit board (107), a transistor (112), charging management circuits, and at least two energy storage modules (111); a charger (110) is electrically connected to the sub circuit board (108) by means of the hardware charging interface (109); the main board (101) is electrically connected to the energy storage modules (111) by means of the charging management circuits; when detecting that the charger (110) is electrically connected to the sub circuit board (108), the processor (1011) outputs a control instruction to the charging management circuits; upon receiving the control instruction, the charging management circuits control the energy storage modules (111) to perform charging and discharging.