Systems and methods described herein relate to determining whether to incorporate recognized text, that corresponds to a spoken utterance of a user of a client device, into a transcription displayed at the client device, or to cause an assistant command, that is associated with the transcription and that is based on the recognized text, to be performed by an automated assistant implemented by the client device. The spoken utterance is received during a dictation session between the user and the automated assistant. Implementations can process, using automatic speech recognition model(s), audio data that captures the spoken utterance to generate the recognized text. Further, implementations can determine whether to incorporate the recognized text into the transcription or cause the assistant command to be performed based on touch input being directed to the transcription, a state of the transcription, and/or audio-based characteristic(s) of the spoken utterance.