The present invention discloses a pipeline patrol inspection robot having variable tracks and a control method therefor. The pipeline patrol inspection robot of the present invention includes a robot body, track assemblies symmetrically disposed on a left side and a right side of the robot body, and a movement driving mechanism. The robot body is connected to the track assemblies on the left side and the right side by track fixtures, and track angle adjusting mechanisms are respectively connected between the robot body and the track assemblies on the left side and the right side. By means of the present invention, a track camber angle can be adjusted. In addition, each track angle adjusting mechanism is independent, and has desirable flexibility to adapt to different pipeline environments.