According to certain embodiments, an electronic device comprises: a sensor module; a communication module; and a processor operatively connected to the sensor module and the communication module, wherein the processor is configured to: measure a body temperature of a user through the sensor module, thereby resulting in a measured body temperature, estimate a core body temperature of the user, based on the measured body temperature, and provide body temperature information of the user, based on the core body temperature, wherein the measured body temperature comprises a shell temperature of a body part making contact with the electronic device, and wherein the core body temperature comprises a core temperature of an internal organ of a body of the user.