A method includes obtaining dual-pixel image data that includes a first sub-image and a second sub-image, and generating an in-focus image, a first kernel corresponding to the first sub-image, and a second kernel corresponding to the second sub-image. A loss value may be determined using a loss function that determines a difference between (i) a convolution of the first sub-image with the second kernel and (ii) a convolution of the second sub-image with the first kernel, and/or a sum of (i) a difference between the first sub-image and a convolution of the in-focus image with the first kernel and (ii) a difference between the second sub-image and a convolution of the in-focus image with the second kernel. Based on the loss value and the loss function, the in-focus image, the first kernel, and/or the second kernel, may be updated and displayed.