A secondary battery according to the present invention comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte solution; the electrolyte solution contains a lithium salt and a solvent containing water; the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material that contains a carbon material; with respect to the carbon material, the peak intensity ratio (D/G value) of the D band to the G band in a Raman spectrum as obtained by Raman spectroscopy is from 0.05 to 0.7; a coating film is formed on the surface of the carbon material; and with respect to the coating film, if P1 is the peak intensity of the 1s electron orbital of an F atom at around the binding energy of 685 eV and P2 is the peak intensity of the 1s electron orbital of an O atom at around the binding energy of 532 eV in an XPS spectrum as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the ratio of the peak intensity P1 to the peak intensity P2, namely the value of P1/P2 is from 1.0 to 3.0.