This monitoring device comprises: an acceleration acquisition unit for acquiring acceleration data of a vehicle traveling along a track; an acceleration effective value acquisition unit for acquiring a plurality of acceleration effective values obtained by applying a bandpass filter for each of a plurality of constant specific bandwidths to the acceleration data; a corrected acceleration calculation unit for calculating a corrected acceleration on the basis of each of the acceleration effective values of the respective constant specific bandwidths and predetermined correction coefficients corresponding to the respective constant specific bandwidths; and an abnormality detection unit for detecting an abnormality of the vehicle or of the track on the basis of the magnitude of the corrected acceleration.