An energy storage device according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a negative electrode including a negative substrate made of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a conductive layer directly or indirectly layered on the negative substrate and containing a conductive agent, and a negative active material layer containing a negative active material capable of occluding lithium ions at a potential of 0.05 V vs. Li/Li+ or lower; and a positive electrode opposed to the negative electrode and including a positive substrate and a positive active material layer directly or indirectly layered on the positive substrate, and the negative active material layer is layered on the negative substrate and the conductive layer so as to include a region in contact with the negative substrate and a region in contact with the conductive layer.