An all-solid secondary battery includes: a cathode layer; an anode layer; and a solid electrolyte between the cathode layer and the anode layer, wherein the anode layer includes an anode current collector and a first anode active material layer on the anode current collector, the first anode active material layer includes a modified ordered mesoporous carbon, and an oxygen content of a surface of the modified ordered mesoporous carbon is about 3 atomic percent to about 10 atomic percent, based on a total content of the surface, when determined by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the surface of the modified ordered mesoporous carbon.