An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method may comprise determining whether an inter slice type is allowed for a current picture including a current block, determining whether an intra slice type is allowed for the current picture, based on the inter slice type being allowed for the current picture, and decoding the current block based on a slice type allowed for the current picture. Whether the inter slice type is allowed for the current picture may be determined based on a picture type of the current picture and whether a current layer including the current picture is able to use inter-layer prediction.