The technology of this application relates to a neural network distillation method, applied to the field of artificial intelligence, and includes processing to-be-processed data by using a first neural network and a second neural network to obtain a first target output and a second target output, where the first target output is obtained by performing kernel function-based transformation on an output of the first neural network layer, and the second target output is obtained by performing kernel function-based transformation on an output of the second neural network layer. The method further includes performing knowledge distillation on the first neural network based on a target loss constructed by using the first target output and the second target output.