Disclosed is a methanol and sulfuric acid co-production system capable of producing methanol and sulfuric acid in equal equivalents. Specifically, the system includes an oxidation reaction unit configured to produce methyl bisulfate (CH3OSO3H) by reacting methane gas with an acid solution in the presence of a catalyst, a reactive distillation unit disposed downstream of the oxidation reaction unit and configured to esterify methyl bisulfate (CH3OSO3H) supplied from the oxidation reaction unit with trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH) to obtain a product and to separate the product into methyl trifluoroacetate (CF3COOCH3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) through thermal distillation, and a hydrolysis reaction unit disposed downstream of the reactive distillation unit and configured to produce methanol by hydrolyzing methyl trifluoroacetate (CF3COOCH3) supplied from the reactive distillation unit, in which the reactive distillation unit recirculates the sulfuric acid resulting from separation to the oxidation reaction unit.