An electronic device may include a battery, a charging circuit, at least one sensor, a plurality of temperature sensors disposed respectively at different positions, at least one processor operatively coupled to the battery, the charging circuit, the at least one sensor, or the plurality of temperature sensors, and memory. The memory storing instructions which are configured to, when executed, cause the electronic device to, measure temperature values at intervals of a predefined period using the plurality of temperature sensors during charging, identify a heat state based on at least in part of the measured temperature values, identify a user contact state using the at least one sensor, and control charging power for the battery through the charging circuit based on the heat state and the user contact state. Various other embodiments are also available.