A video decoding method includes determining whether an ultimate motion vector expression (UMVE) mode is allowed for an upper data unit including a current block, when the UMVE mode is allowed for the upper data unit, determining whether the UMVE mode is applied to the current block, when the UMVE mode is applied to the current block, determining a base motion vector of the current block, determining a correction distance and a correction direction for correction of the base motion vector, determining a motion vector of the current block by correcting the base motion vector according to the correction distance and the correction direction, and reconstructing the current block based on the motion vector of the current block.