The present disclosure provides a landform map building method and apparatus, an electronic device and a readable storage medium, and relates to the field of image processing technologies. The method for building landform map includes: acquiring a to-be-processed image to obtain a grayscale image of the to-be-processed image; classifying pixels in the grayscale image according to grayscale values to obtain binary images corresponding to different landform categories; extracting image spot contours of image spots in the binary images, and taking the extracted image spot contours as vector graphs to obtain a vector graph set; merging, according to position information, the vector graphs corresponding to a same landform category in the vector graph set, and obtaining a first landform map according to merging results corresponding to different landform categories; and mapping, by using a preset landform type, the vector graphs corresponding to different landform categories in the first landform map, and taking a mapping result as a second landform map.