Embodiments of this application disclose an optical cable connection box and an adapter, and belong to the field of optical cable connection technologies. The optical cable connection box includes a box body, at least one pair of adapters, and at least one optical fiber, and each adapter includes a first interface and a second interface that are opposite to each other; the at least one pair of adapters is located on the box body, the first interface of each adapter is located outside the box body, and the second interface of each adapter is located inside the box body; and the at least one optical fiber is located inside the box body and is connected between the second interfaces of each pair of adapters.