Provided are a winding device and a winding apparatus. An inner shaft of the winding device is configured to clamp an electrode assembly; and an outer shaft of the winding device is configured to wind the electrode assembly. The winding device includes: a first slider and a first pusher, where the first slider may reciprocate in a first sliding slot in the first pusher in a first direction, and an extension direction of the first sliding slot is inclined from the first direction such that the first pusher drives a first inner shaft to reciprocate in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; and a second slider and a second pusher, where the second slider may reciprocate in a second sliding slot in the second pusher in a third direction, and an extension direction of the second sliding slot is inclined from the third direction.