The present application relates to a composition comprising, notably in a physiologically acceptable medium: a. water; and b. at least one cellulosic cationic polymer (CP); and c. at least one anionic polymer (AP) chosen from methacrylic acid homopolymer salts; and d. at least one anionic surfactant comprising at least one cationic counterion; and e. a fatty phase; and f. at least one pigment; the weight ratio of the total amount of cellulosic cationic polymer(s)/the sum of the total amount of cellulosic cationic polymer(s) and of the total amount of anionic polymer(s) ranging from 40% to 80%, preferably from 60% to 70%; the weight ratio of the sum of the total amount of cellulosic cationic polymer(s) and of the total amount of anionic polymer(s)/the amount of water ranging from 5% to 20%. The invention also relates to a process for coating keratin materials, in particular the skin, notably the contour of the eyes, eyelashes or eyebrows, and keratin fibers, such as the eyelashes and/or the eyebrows, comprising a step of applying to said keratin materials at least one composition as defined above.