Disclosed embodiments include a display system comprising a first waveguide pupil expander comprising an input port, output port, a first pair of parallel surfaces, and a second pair of parallel surfaces. The first pair of parallel surfaces is orthogonal to the second pair of parallel surfaces and arranged to light guide a diffracted or diverging (e.g. holographic) light field from the input port to the output port by internal reflection therebetween. A first surface of the first pair of parallel surfaces is partially transmissive-reflective such that the light field is divided at each internal reflection and a plurality of replicas of the light field is transmitted through a region of the first surface that forms the output port. The second pair of parallel surfaces is also arranged to light guide the light field from the input port to the output port by at least one internal reflection.