A method, performed by a terminal, of performing channel estimation in a wireless communication system may include: transmitting, to a base station, capability information of the terminal and state information of the terminal regarding sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission; receiving, from the base station, information for configuring a partial band of an uplink band as an SRS frequency band for SRS transmission; and transmitting, to the base station, an SRS in the SRS frequency band.